Efecto de la automatización en el mercado laboral: El caso Chileno

Andrés Ignacio Arriagada Carvajal

doi:10.4067/S0718-88702023000200003

Autores/as

Andrés Ignacio Arriagada Carvajal Universidad Alberto Hurtado

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-88702023000200003

Palabras clave:

Automatización, búsqueda laboral, capital humano, nivel educativo, polarización salarial

Resumen

Este estudio muestra cómo varían salarios y empleabilidad según nivel educativo en Chile entre sectores laborales a causa a la automatización. Para esto se construye un modelo DMP de búsqueda laboral introduciendo el capital automatizado. Se encuentra que el efecto de la automatización está fuertemente ligado a la tasa de destrucción de empleo y la proporción de tareas de baja educación en el sector. Además, ante un aumento general de capital automatizado no existen cambios en el mercado laboral, existiendo solamente al aumentar en un nivel educativo. Calibrando con data para Chile, al aumentar en un 50% el capital automatizado en un nivel educativo bajo, el desempleo en tal nivel aumenta un 1.31% y en el otro un 2.65%. Por otra parte, al aumentar el capital automatizado en un nivel educativo alto, el desempleo en tal nivel cae un 1.97% y en el otro un 1.72%.

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Citas

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